The Social Model of Disability

The social model of disability explains that people are not disabled by their impairments or differences, but by the barriers that exist in society. These barriers can be physical, such as buildings without ramps or lifts; attitudinal, such as negative stereotypes or prejudice; or organisational, such as rigid school systems that do not allow for individual needs. The social model focuses on changing society rather than changing the person. It suggests that when barriers are removed, disabled people can live independently, make choices, and take part fully in everyday life. For example, if a child who uses a wheelchair cannot get into a classroom because there are stairs, the social model would say that the problem is not with the child’s impairment, but with the lack of accessibility. By building a ramp or lift, the barrier is removed and the child is included. The social model encourages inclusion, equality, and respect for difference.

Characteristics of the social model:

1. Focus on inclusion: Encourages society to remove barriers that prevent participation.
2. Empowerment: Promotes independence, choice, and equality for disabled people.
3. Environmental responsibility: Sees disability as a result of how society is organised, not a personal fault.

For more information on the Social Model of Disability, click here: NEN Explain What is the Medical and Social Model of Disability

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The Medical Model of Disability

The medical model of disability views disability as a problem within the individual. It focuses on the person’s impairment or medical condition and aims to “fix” or “treat” it so that they can live as normally as possible. This model sees disability as something that needs to be cured or managed, rather than something that society should adapt to. The medical model often overlooks the role that the environment or attitudes play in creating barriers. For instance, if a child cannot get into a classroom because of stairs, the medical model would view the child’s mobility difficulty as the issue and might focus on physical therapy or medical treatment to help the child walk, rather than changing the building. This approach can lead to low expectations and less independence, as it places the responsibility on the individual to adapt instead of asking society to change.

Characteristics of the medical model:

1. Individual focus: Views disability as a personal or medical problem to be fixed.
2. Emphasis on treatment: Aims to cure or manage impairments through medical intervention.
3. Limited inclusion: Does not consider how the environment or attitudes can create barriers.

For more information on the Social Model of Disability, click here: NEN Explain What is the Medical and Social Model of Disability