Differentiation in education is a teaching approach that aims to cater to students’ diverse learning abilities, preferences, and interests. It offers a tailored learning experience for every student, allowing them to explore and learn in ways that suit their needs. However, differentiation is not a single approach. Differentiation can be divided into a range of types, and it is important to understand these different types and how they can be implemented in the classroom.

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Passive differentiation ​

Passive differentiation is a method within the wider teaching approach of differentiation where the teacher or educator provides different materials and activities for students to choose from but does not actively adjust, guide or provide further instruction concerning the taught content during the delivery of the session.

Passive differentiation can also be referred to as pre-planned differentiation because this type is organised before the taught session begins. There is no element of the activity or, at the moment, differentiation to the adjustments and guidance of instructions on offer. While passive differentiation can effectively give students some level of choice, it does not allow real-time adaptation to individual needs.

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Active differentiation

On the other hand, active differentiation involves intentional and purposeful tailoring of content, guidance, and instructions to individual student’s interests, strengths, and learning preferences. Where active differentiation differs from that of passive differentiation is around when this act of adaptation occurs. With active differentiation, adaption occurs at the moment of delivery, where the educator tailors content, guidance, and instructions to meet the individual’s current needs rather than their expected needs, as with passive differentiation. 

The process of active differentiation requires a flexible approach to teaching, as educators need to be able to adapt their teaching style and methods to meet the needs of each student in real time. As such, this type of differentiation requires educators to be creative and innovative in their teaching practices, as they must find new and engaging ways to present information to each student. 

Additionally, active differentiation requires a deep understanding of each student’s unique learning style and preferences. Educators must take the time to observe and gather information about students to identify their strengths, interests, and learning preferences. This information is then used to tailor the content, guidance, and instructions to meet the individual’s needs.

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